The incision required for IOL implantation during cataract surgery induces astigmatism, which is called surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). The BigSIA application allows you to calculate the induced corneal astigmatism.

It is important to take into account that changing optotype size is not the same that correcting vergence by proximal distance. This is a concept that generates confusion as we have seen in many of the courses we have conducted about Defocus Curves. 

In this article we will explain the lens preparation procedure to be carried out before starting to measure a Defocus Curve, in general with any test, and in particular with the Multifocal Lens Analyzer PRO (MLA).

Failure to understand the purpose of why certain visual performance measures are taken can lead to the development of clinical trial protocols with long duration and therefore unreliable data due to patient fatigue.

The Defocus Curve provides a wealth of information that can sometimes be difficult to interpret by looking at the results for each defocus in isolation.

Defocus curve offers comprehensive information about what is the mean behavior of a multifocal procedure. However, a non-optimal analysis of the obtained data can lead to misinterpretation of the results. In this article, we are going to cover two problems in the statistical analysis of defocus curves.

This article discusses the fitting of the constant in intraocular lens (IOL) calculation. It highlights the technological evolution and the concept of Effective Lens Position (ELPo). It presents vergence and thick lens equations, and mentions the Haigis formula with multiple regression.

Optimal tests for measuring Contrast Sensitivity with Simultaneous Vision optical systems, such as Intraocular Lenses or Multifocal Contact Lenses.

Multifocal Lens Analyzer (MultifocalLA) is a professional APP, useful in the practice of Ophthalmology and Optometry, to measure Visual Acuity Defocus Curve and Contrast Sensitivity Defocus Curve in multifocal procedures (Intraocular Lenses, Contact Lenses and Laser Surgery).

ClinicCSF is an application available for iPad and validated to measure Contrast Sensitivity Function at various distances.

VisionC is the first fully configurable ETDRS optotype chart to be presented at any distance from 20 cm to 400 cm (in 1 cm steps) and for any contrast from 0 to 100% (1% steps).